Pipe diameter calculations

Typical flow speed rates [w] in the beverage industry, on the pressure side of a pump:
-> Beer, carbonated soft drinks = 2 m/s
-> Beer wort = 1 m/s (because def. g-Glucans = filtration problems)
-> Milk = 2 m/s
-> Yoguhurt = 1.5 m/s
-> Water = 2-3 m/s
-> Gases (compr. air, CO2, N2) = 6 m/s

Conversion for gases from standard condition (Pn=1bar abs) to operating condition:                Q = Qn * 1/P * T/273   [Q=m³/h, T=°K]

Conversion between gas weight and gas volume:
          for gases in standard state [1 bar absolute pressure] -> 1 mol = 22.4 litres [dm³]
          atomic mass of oxygen = 16 grams per mol, =>> 16 grams per 22.4 litres
          atomic mass of carbon = 12 grams per mol
          mass of CO2 = 44 grams per mol (12+ 2x16=44)
  

Typical flow rate [w] in the beverage industry:
-> Saturated steam (<10 bar) = 20-40 m/s

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Spec. saturated steam volume [v] at different pressures:
-> at 0,5 bar-abs = 3,240 m³/kg
-> at 0,6 bar-abs = 2,731 m³/kg
-> at 0,7 bar-abs = 2,365 m³/kg
-> at 0,8 bar-abs = 2,087 m³/kg
-> at 0,9 bar-abs = 1,869 m³/kg
-> at 1,0 bar-abs = 1,694 m³/kg 1,0 bar-abs = 0 bar(Ü) ~ atmospheric pressure
-> at 1,5 bar-abs = 1,159 m³/kg
-> at 2,0 bar-abs = 0,886 m³/kg
-> at 2,5 bar-abs = 0,718 m³/kg
-> at 3,0 bar-abs = 0,606 m³/kg
-> at 3,5 bar-abs = 0,524 m³/kg
-> at 4,0 bar-abs = 0,462 m³/kg
-> at 4,5 bar-abs = 0,414 m³/kg
-> at 5,0 bar-abs = 0,375 m³/kg
-> at 6,0 bar-abs = 0,315 m³/kg
-> at 7,0 bar-abs = 0,273 m³/kg
-> at 8,0 bar-abs = 0,240 m³/kg
-> at 9,0 bar-abs = 0,215 m³/kg

Please refer to the spec. steam volumes for wet steam and superheated steam from the respective tables as necessary.